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Home  /  Solar site surveys  /  Colorado

Solar site surveys · Colorado

Solar site surveys in Colorado

A technician on the roof, in the attic and at the service panel, with the survey read against the code editions, AHJs and utilities that apply in Colorado.

NEC 2026Electrical code in effect
6Utilities covered here
48 hrsSurvey to deliverable
Nationwide500+ technicians
Short answer

Colorado sets the electrical code statewide through the State Electrical Board, which moved to the 2026 NEC on August 1, 2026, but it has no statewide building code, so IRC, IFC and energy code editions depend on the city or county. Investor-owned utilities such as Xcel Energy must offer net metering with month-to-month credit carryover, while municipal utilities and co-ops set their own terms. Surveys should plan for elevation-driven snow loads, Front Range hail and high wind, and strong high-altitude sun.

What changes in Colorado

The capture spec is the same everywhere. What the engineer and the plan reviewer read it against is not.

CO · METROSDenver
Code stack
2026NEC 2026National Electrical Code · effective Aug 1, 2026. The State Electrical Board adopts the NEC for Colorado; after a May 27, 2026 rulemaking hearing, the 2026 NEC took effect August 1, 2026, replacing the 2023 edition. Local building departments that meet state minimums issue electrical permits and may enforce stricter local rules, and Denver lets projects submitted for review before August 1, 2026 use the 2023 NEC, so confirm the edition with the AHJ.1,2,3,4
LOCALIRC 2024 · City and County of DenverColorado is a home-rule state without a statewide residential building code, so each city or county adopts its own edition. Denver's 2025 Denver Building Code, based on the 2024 I-Codes, has applied since December 31, 2025, and Wheat Ridge moved to the 2024 IRC on January 1, 2026; other jurisdictions may still be on older editions.5,6,7,3
LOCALIFC 2024 · City and County of DenverFire code editions are also adopted locally. Denver's 2025 Denver Fire Code amends the 2024 IFC and took effect with the rest of the 2025 Denver codes on December 31, 2025.8,6
LOCALEnergy Code · adopted with each local code updateUnder HB22-1362, any jurisdiction that updates a building code must also adopt a state minimum energy code. From July 1, 2023 to June 30, 2026 that meant the 2021 or 2024 IECC plus the Colorado Model Electric Ready and Solar Ready Code; since July 1, 2026 it is the Colorado Model Low Energy and Carbon Code or an equivalent.9,10
Rooftop fire access. Rooftop PV access follows whichever IRC and IFC edition the AHJ has adopted. In Denver, residential arrays need two 36-inch pathways on separate roof slopes with at least one on the street or driveway side, an 18-inch ridge setback (36 inches if panels cover more than a third of the roof), and no panels below an emergency escape opening; Denver's fire code does not amend the base IFC PV section.11,8

Climate and site factors

Snow load by elevation

Design ground snow loads rise steeply with elevation. Larimer County's table, for example, runs from 55 psf at 5,000 feet to 160 psf at 9,000 feet, while Denver uses 43 psf, so get the AHJ's value and record roof framing before sizing the racking.12,13

Hail

The Front Range sits in Hail Alley, where the damaging season runs mid-April to mid-September and three or four hailstorms a year typically cause $25 million or more in insured losses. Record existing roof and module damage during the survey.14

Front Range wind

Wind speeds increase sharply toward the foothills, so Front Range jurisdictions use the Colorado Front Range Gust Map rather than a single county value; Larimer County's basic wind speeds range from 115 to 225 mph.12,13

Altitude and UV

The EPA's UV Index method adds about 6% per kilometer of elevation, so most Colorado roofs see stronger UV than sea-level sites. Check shingles, sealants and cable jackets for sun wear.15

HOAs

HOAs cannot effectively ban solar, but they can impose aesthetic rules within the 10% cost and performance limits in CRS 38-30-168. Note any HOA placement rule during the survey because it can decide which roof planes get used.16

Permitting in Colorado

Who reviews the plan set, and what the state layers on top.

Utilities and interconnection

State law requires qualifying retail utilities, which includes investor-owned Xcel Energy and Black Hills Energy, to offer net metering under PUC rules. Municipal utilities and electric co-ops are exempt from those terms and set their own, though city utilities must allow net metering for at least 10 kW residential systems.23,24,25

Xcel Energy (Public Service Company of Colorado) Xcel Energy

Installers apply through Xcel's online interconnection portal; net-metered systems may generate up to 200% of the prior 12 months' use, equipment must be UL 1741 SB listed, and Xcel advises against building before engineering approval.26,24

Interconnection page ↗

Black Hills Energy (Colorado Electric) Black Hills Energy

Investor-owned utility serving the Pueblo and Canon City area; its Colorado interconnections follow the PUC's rules at 4 CCR 723-3-3850, and projects over 25 kW get a Level 2 engineering review.25,27

Interconnection page ↗

Colorado Springs Utilities CSU

City-owned utility for Colorado Springs; City Council approved a new net metering structure on September 22, 2026, which under the filing applies to agreements dated from April 1, 2027.28,29

Interconnection page ↗

Fort Collins Utilities

City-owned utility; exports are credited at the time-of-day rate in effect when the energy is sent back, unused credits roll over monthly, and an interconnection and net metering agreement must be on file.30

Interconnection page ↗

United Power

Member-owned co-op whose roughly 900-square-mile territory surrounds Denver on three sides; members need an approved interconnection application, an external AC disconnect and a production meter housing, with systems up to 25 kW and 200% of annual use.31,32

Interconnection page ↗

CORE Electric Cooperative CORE

Front Range co-op formerly named Intermountain Rural Electric Association (IREA); residential net metering covers systems of 10 kW AC or less producing no more than 200% of 12-month usage.33,34,35

Interconnection page ↗
Export compensation. Investor-owned utilities must offer net metering in which solar offsets retail use and any monthly surplus carries forward as a credit indefinitely. At Xcel, customers choose to roll over or waive banked credits, and time-of-use customers' credits keep their on-peak or off-peak value. Munis and co-ops differ: Colorado Springs Utilities will move new solar customers to new rate options from April 1, 2027, and CORE pays avoided cost on systems over 10 kW.23,24,28,36,33

What we capture on every Colorado survey

One standard, one visit, the same record in Colorado as everywhere else. What it gets checked against is the code stack above.

Roof and structure

  • Measured roof planes: pitch, azimuth, dimensions
  • Every penetration and obstruction, located
  • Rafter or truss size, spacing and span
  • Decking type and condition
  • Layer count at a cut edge
  • Setbacks and fire pathway constraints
  • Horizon shading capture per array area

Electrical and interconnection

  • Main breaker and bus bar rating, photographed separately
  • Meter location and configuration
  • Slot count: used, open, tandem, double-tapped
  • Available interconnection points
  • Existing loads and sub-panels
  • Conduit route, measured along the actual path
  • Grounding electrode and bonding path

Commercial buildings

  • Membrane type, age and condition, with drainage pattern
  • Bar joist depth, spacing and span
  • Deck type and gauge
  • Switchgear and available bus capacity
  • Access and lift constraints for the install crew

Every visit

  • Roof and electrical in one visit, no second trip
  • 48-hour turnaround from survey to deliverable
  • Photo documentation throughout
  • Permit sets available, stamped, 6 days from survey

Colorado solar survey FAQ

Which NEC edition applies to solar in Colorado?

The State Electrical Board adopted the 2026 NEC effective August 1, 2026. Some AHJs, including Denver, let projects submitted before that date use the 2023 NEC, so confirm with the permitting office.1,2

Does Colorado have a statewide building code for homes?

No. Cities and counties adopt their own IRC and IFC editions, so neighboring AHJs can differ. When a jurisdiction updates any building code, it must also adopt at least the state minimum energy code.5,10

Can a Colorado HOA stop a homeowner from installing solar?

Not outright. CRS 38-30-168 voids covenants that effectively prohibit solar, and aesthetic rules cannot add more than 10% to cost or cut performance by more than 10%. An application the HOA has not denied within 60 days counts as approved.16

How does net metering work with Xcel Energy in Colorado?

Exports offset retail use, and any surplus is banked as a credit for later bills; customers pick whether to roll over or waive banked credits. As of September 2026, systems may be sized to produce up to 200% of the prior 12 months' use.24,23

Is there a limit on solar permit fees in Colorado?

Yes. For systems under 2 MW, a government body may charge no more than its actual cost or $500 for a residential permit ($1,000 commercial), whichever is lower, under CRS 24-48.5-113.22

Services and further reading

Metro pages for Colorado: Denver.

From Field Notes

Sources

Every local fact on this page links to where it came from. Codes, programs and tariffs change: confirm the current requirement with the AHJ and the utility before you design.

  1. https://dpo.colorado.gov/Electrical
  2. https://denvergov.org/Government/Agencies-Departments-Offices/Agencies-Departments-Offices-Directory/Community-Planning-and-Development/CPD-News-and-Events/CPD-News/2026/New-electric-standards-adopted-on-August-1
  3. https://www.ci.wheatridge.co.us/280/Adopted-Codes-Amendments
  4. https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/CODORA/bulletins/367d589
  5. https://bcapcodes.org/code-status/state/colorado/
  6. https://www.denvergov.org/Government/Agencies-Departments-Offices/Agencies-Departments-Offices-Directory/Community-Planning-and-Development/Building-Codes-Policies-and-Guides
  7. https://www.denvergov.org/Government/Agencies-Departments-Offices/Agencies-Departments-Offices-Directory/Community-Planning-and-Development/Building-Codes-Policies-and-Guides/Building-and-Fire-Code-Adoption-Process
  8. https://www.denvergov.org/files/assets/public/v/1/community-planning-and-development/documents/ds/building-codes/archive-codes/2025_denver_fire_code-june_2025.pdf
  9. https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb22-1362
  10. https://energyoffice.colorado.gov/energy-codes-faq
  11. https://www.denvergov.org/Government/Agencies-Departments-Offices/Agencies-Departments-Offices-Directory/Community-Planning-and-Development/Plan-Review-Permits-and-Inspections/Single-Family-and-Duplex-Projects/Solar-Permits
  12. https://www.larimer.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/2022/structural_design_information.pdf
  13. https://denvergov.org/files/assets/public/v/3/community-planning-and-development/documents/ds/building-codes/2025_denver_building_code.pdf
  14. http://www.rmiia.org/catastrophes_and_statistics/Hail.asp
  15. https://www.epa.gov/sunsafety/learn-about-uv-index
  16. https://colorado.public.law/statutes/crs_38-30-168
  17. https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2023A/bills/sl/2023a_sl_164.pdf
  18. https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb25-1096
  19. https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2025/05/21/colorado-senate-guts-automated-solar-permitting-bill/
  20. https://www.gosolarapp.org/landing-pages/solarapp-colorado
  21. https://colorado.public.law/statutes/crs_12-115-120
  22. https://colorado.public.law/statutes/crs_24-48.5-113
  23. https://colorado.public.law/statutes/crs_40-2-124
  24. https://co.my.xcelenergy.com/s/renewable/net-metering
  25. https://www.blackhillsenergy.com/services/electric-services/compliance
  26. https://co.my.xcelenergy.com/s/renewable/developers/interconnection
  27. https://bigpivots.com/why-pueblo-is-riled-up-about-black-hills-energy/
  28. https://www.csu.org/hubfs/Document-Library/July-2026-Net-Metering-Rate-Case.pdf?hsLang=en
  29. https://gazette.com/2026/09/22/electric-rate-decrease-net-metering-hikes-approved-for-colorado-springs-utilities/
  30. https://www.fortcollins.gov/Services/Utilities/Programs-and-Rebates/Energy-Programs/Residential-Solar-and-Battery-Storage
  31. https://www.unitedpower.com/connect-your-solar
  32. https://www.unitedpower.com/sites/unitedpower/files/UnitedPower_MemberHandbook_0.pdf
  33. https://core.coop/my-cooperative/renewables/rooftop-solar/
  34. https://core.coop/my-cooperative/service-area/
  35. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/intermountain-rural-electric-association-irea-rebranding-to-core-electric-cooperative-301364891.html
  36. https://www.cpr.org/2026/09/25/solar-colorado-springs-electric-bill-net-metering/

Researched September 29, 2026.

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