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Home  /  Solar site surveys  /  Virginia  /  Richmond

Solar site surveys · Richmond, VA

Solar site surveys in Richmond

Roof, attic and service panel captured in one visit, with the plan set built for the Richmond AHJ you submit into and the utility that serves the address.

NEC 2020Electrical code in effect
3AHJs covered here
48 hrsSurvey to deliverable
Nationwide500+ technicians
Short answer

The City of Richmond reviews solar through its Bureau of Permits and Inspections using the electrical permit application, and holds SolSmart Gold status. Henrico and Chesterfield counties run separate permit offices; Henrico needs only an electrical permit plus a pathway diagram for single-family rooftop systems. Arrays visible from the street in Richmond's Old and Historic Districts need a Commission of Architectural Review certificate.

What changes in Richmond

Virginia state rules apply here, plus whatever the local AHJ amends.

VA · RICHMONDRichmond
Code stack
2020NEC 2020National Electrical Code · effective Jan 18, 2024. The 2021 USBC adopts the 2020 NEC statewide. It took effect January 18, 2024, with a one-year window in which applicants could still choose the 2018 USBC (and 2017 NEC); since January 18, 2025 all permits fall under the 2021 USBC.1,2
2021IRC 2021The Virginia Residential Code is the 2021 IRC with state amendments, part of the 2021 USBC that localities enforce but cannot change. The Board of Housing began the 2024 cycle in 2025, and the 2024 USBC is tentatively expected to take effect around October 2027 with a one-year transition.1,3
2021IFC 2021The 2021 Statewide Fire Prevention Code, based on the 2021 IFC, took effect on the same date as the 2021 USBC.1
Rooftop fire access. Under Virginia Residential Code R324.6 as applied by Henrico County, homes with roofs steeper than 2:12 need two 36-inch eave-to-ridge pathways on separate roof planes (one on the street or driveway side), a 36-inch pathway serving each array plane, a pathway from any emergency escape opening with no array directly below it, and 18 inches clear on each side of a horizontal ridge. Listed BIPV that is safe to cut is exempt.4

Climate and site factors

Design loads

Henrico County lists a 20 psf residential ground snow load, a 115 mph ultimate design wind speed and an ice barrier requirement.5

Historic districts

Street-visible arrays in the city's Old and Historic Districts go to the Commission of Architectural Review; rear or alley placements that are screened can be approved by staff.6

Pathways

Henrico requires a roof pathway layout with 36-inch eave-to-ridge paths and 18-inch ridge clearances on roofs steeper than 2:12, and no arrays directly below an emergency escape opening.4

Inspection photos

In Henrico the inspector relies on printed photos of rooftop wiring and penetrations, so conduit runs, junction boxes and attic crossings need to be documented as installed.4

Permitting in Richmond

The main AHJs, and how the rest of the metro splits up.

City of Richmond Bureau of Permits and Inspections

Residential and commercial solar projects use the Electrical Permit Application; any plan submission must be on a thumb drive or CD, and the electrical permit fee is based on system cost. As a SolSmart Gold community the city commits to timely solar reviews, and the Permits and Inspections page lists solar among permit types that may be expedited.7,8,9

Official page ↗

Commission of Architectural Review (City of Richmond)

In Old and Historic Districts, staff can approve solar panels that are screened from public view or only seen secondarily from the rear or alley, while panels visible from a public street need a certificate of appropriateness from the Commission.6

Official page ↗

Henrico County Building Construction & Inspections

Rooftop solar on single-family homes needs an electrical permit only. The online application needs a pathway diagram under VRC R324.6; at inspection the applicant supplies a single-line diagram and color photos of rooftop junction boxes, conductors, conduit supports and penetrations. Commercial solar needs building and electrical permits with plans and structural evaluation.4

Official page ↗

Across the metro

Every locality enforces the same statewide USBC, but each runs its own permit office and submittal rules, so Henrico's electrical-only process does not carry over to the city or other counties.1,4

Virginia-wide rules that still apply

Utilities and interconnection

Dominion Energy Virginia serves the City of Richmond; the city's electrical plan review asks for a Dominion fault current letter on new services, and Dominion processes net metering interconnection notices.2,14

Dominion Energy Virginia Dominion

Customer-generators file a Net Metering Interconnection Notification, fastest through the online portal. Systems must be sized to produce no more than about 150% of expected annual use, and an SCC order of April 30, 2026 created a NEM 2.0 tariff for new customers.14,15

Interconnection page ↗
Export compensation. Virginia still nets on an annual, kWh basis. For Dominion, the SCC's April 30, 2026 NEM 2.0 order kept energy netting over the 12-month period, added a $1.00 monthly administrative charge, set year-end excess generation at $0.05829 per kWh, and kept the 6% program cap; existing customers can stay on the old tariff. For APCo, an August 29, 2025 order kept annual netting and applied a lower avoided-cost rate only to net excess at the end of the 12 months.15,16,17

What we capture on every Richmond survey

The same capture standard as every other Virginia job, so the plan set is built on what the technician verified on site.

Roof and structure

  • Measured roof planes: pitch, azimuth, dimensions
  • Every penetration and obstruction, located
  • Rafter or truss size, spacing and span
  • Decking type and condition
  • Layer count at a cut edge
  • Setbacks and fire pathway constraints
  • Horizon shading capture per array area

Electrical and interconnection

  • Main breaker and bus bar rating, photographed separately
  • Meter location and configuration
  • Slot count: used, open, tandem, double-tapped
  • Available interconnection points
  • Existing loads and sub-panels
  • Conduit route, measured along the actual path
  • Grounding electrode and bonding path

Commercial buildings

  • Membrane type, age and condition, with drainage pattern
  • Bar joist depth, spacing and span
  • Deck type and gauge
  • Switchgear and available bus capacity
  • Access and lift constraints for the install crew

Every visit

  • Roof and electrical in one visit, no second trip
  • 48-hour turnaround from survey to deliverable
  • Photo documentation throughout
  • Permit sets available, stamped, 6 days from survey

Richmond solar survey FAQ

Which permit application does Richmond use for solar?

The City of Richmond directs residential and commercial solar to its Electrical Permit Application, with plans submitted on a thumb drive or CD when plans are required.7,8

Does Henrico County need a building permit for rooftop solar?

Not for single-family homes: Henrico requires only an electrical permit, a pathway diagram at application and photos plus a single-line diagram at inspection. Commercial systems need both building and electrical permits.4

Can I put solar panels on a house in a Richmond historic district?

Yes, with review. Panels screened from view or seen only from the rear or alley can get staff approval; panels visible from a public street need a certificate of appropriateness from the Commission of Architectural Review.6

What snow and wind loads apply to rooftop solar near Richmond?

Henrico County's design criteria list a 20 psf ground snow load and a 115 mph ultimate design wind speed; check the specific locality's table for other addresses.5

Who handles interconnection for Richmond solar?

Dominion Energy Virginia. The installer files a Net Metering Interconnection Notification, and new customers now fall under the NEM 2.0 terms the SCC approved in April 2026.14,15

Services and further reading

State-level detail is on the Virginia page; every location is on the solar site survey hub.

From Field Notes

Sources

Every local fact on this page links to where it came from. Codes, programs and tariffs change: confirm the current requirement with the AHJ and the utility before you design.

  1. https://www.dhcd.virginia.gov/codes
  2. http://www.rva.gov/sites/default/files/2024-05/Electrical-Handout.pdf
  3. https://hbav.com/news/update-2024-virginia-building-code-development-cycle
  4. https://henrico.gov/assets/Solar-Panel-Pathway-Memo-and-Diagram-rev101822-1.pdf
  5. https://henrico.gov/bldg/design-criteria/
  6. https://rva.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/HVAC.pdf
  7. http://rva.gov/sustainability/initiatives
  8. https://www.rvagreen2050.com/clean-energy-hub
  9. https://www.rva.gov/planning-development-review/permits-and-inspections
  10. https://lis.blob.core.windows.net/files/1221639.PDF
  11. https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20261/HB590/text/CHAP0633
  12. https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title15.2/chapter22/section15.2-2288.7/
  13. https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title55.1/chapter18/section55.1-1820.1/
  14. https://www.dominionenergy.com/virginia/renewable-energy-programs/net-metering
  15. https://www.scc.virginia.gov/docketsearch/DOCS/8bxb01!.PDF
  16. https://www.selc.org/press-release/commission-approves-appalachian-power-company-proposal-reducing-compensation-to-rooftop-solar-customers-for-net-exports-while-retaining-essential-elements-of-net-metering/
  17. https://reisingergooch.com/scc-approves-revised-rates-for-appalachian-power-company-net-metering-program/

Researched September 30, 2026.

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