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Home  /  Solar site surveys  /  Virginia

Solar site surveys · Virginia

Solar site surveys in Virginia

A technician on the roof, in the attic and at the service panel, with the survey read against the code editions, AHJs and utilities that apply in Virginia.

NEC 2020Electrical code in effect
2Utilities covered here
48 hrsSurvey to deliverable
Nationwide500+ technicians
Short answer

Virginia enforces one statewide code, the 2021 Uniform Statewide Building Code, which references the 2020 NEC and has been mandatory for all permits since January 18, 2025; the 2024 cycle is not expected before late 2027. The Virginia Residential Code carries a state version of the rooftop pathway rules, and a 2026 law requires every locality to accept automated residential solar permits by July 1, 2028. Dominion's NEM 2.0 order in April 2026 kept annual kWh netting for new customers.

What changes in Virginia

The capture spec is the same everywhere. What the engineer and the plan reviewer read it against is not.

VA · METROSRichmond
Code stack
2020NEC 2020National Electrical Code · effective Jan 18, 2024. The 2021 USBC adopts the 2020 NEC statewide. It took effect January 18, 2024, with a one-year window in which applicants could still choose the 2018 USBC (and 2017 NEC); since January 18, 2025 all permits fall under the 2021 USBC.1,2
2021IRC 2021The Virginia Residential Code is the 2021 IRC with state amendments, part of the 2021 USBC that localities enforce but cannot change. The Board of Housing began the 2024 cycle in 2025, and the 2024 USBC is tentatively expected to take effect around October 2027 with a one-year transition.1,3
2021IFC 2021The 2021 Statewide Fire Prevention Code, based on the 2021 IFC, took effect on the same date as the 2021 USBC.1
Rooftop fire access. Under Virginia Residential Code R324.6 as applied by Henrico County, homes with roofs steeper than 2:12 need two 36-inch eave-to-ridge pathways on separate roof planes (one on the street or driveway side), a 36-inch pathway serving each array plane, a pathway from any emergency escape opening with no array directly below it, and 18 inches clear on each side of a horizontal ridge. Listed BIPV that is safe to cut is exempt.4

Climate and site factors

Wind

Design wind speeds rise toward the coast: Henrico County lists a 115 mph ultimate design wind speed, while Newport News on Hampton Roads lists 118, so attachment spacing and uplift checks get tighter toward the coast.5,6

Snow

Ground snow loads are modest but not zero: 20 psf in Henrico County and 15 psf in Newport News for residential design.5,6

Ridge setbacks

Virginia's version of R324.6, as applied by Henrico, uses a flat 18 inches each side of a horizontal ridge rather than scaling the setback with array coverage.4

Historic districts

State law keeps local historic and architectural district rules in force for rooftop solar, so visible arrays in those districts can need design review before a permit.7

HOAs

Associations can set reasonable size and placement rules within the 5% cost and 10% production limits, but a ban written into a recorded declaration still stands.8

Permitting in Virginia

Who reviews the plan set, and what the state layers on top.

Utilities and interconnection

The utility decides the interconnection path and what an exported kilowatt-hour is worth.

Dominion Energy Virginia Dominion

Customer-generators file a Net Metering Interconnection Notification, fastest through the online portal. Systems must be sized to produce no more than about 150% of expected annual use, and an SCC order of April 30, 2026 created a NEM 2.0 tariff for new customers.11,12

Interconnection page ↗

Appalachian Power APCo

Serves southwest Virginia. Applications, including pre-application reports, go through PowerClerk, and inverters must be certified to IEEE 1547-2018.13

Interconnection page ↗
Export compensation. Virginia still nets on an annual, kWh basis. For Dominion, the SCC's April 30, 2026 NEM 2.0 order kept energy netting over the 12-month period, added a $1.00 monthly administrative charge, set year-end excess generation at $0.05829 per kWh, and kept the 6% program cap; existing customers can stay on the old tariff. For APCo, an August 29, 2025 order kept annual netting and applied a lower avoided-cost rate only to net excess at the end of the 12 months.12,14,15

What we capture on every Virginia survey

One standard, one visit, the same record in Virginia as everywhere else. What it gets checked against is the code stack above.

Roof and structure

  • Measured roof planes: pitch, azimuth, dimensions
  • Every penetration and obstruction, located
  • Rafter or truss size, spacing and span
  • Decking type and condition
  • Layer count at a cut edge
  • Setbacks and fire pathway constraints
  • Horizon shading capture per array area

Electrical and interconnection

  • Main breaker and bus bar rating, photographed separately
  • Meter location and configuration
  • Slot count: used, open, tandem, double-tapped
  • Available interconnection points
  • Existing loads and sub-panels
  • Conduit route, measured along the actual path
  • Grounding electrode and bonding path

Commercial buildings

  • Membrane type, age and condition, with drainage pattern
  • Bar joist depth, spacing and span
  • Deck type and gauge
  • Switchgear and available bus capacity
  • Access and lift constraints for the install crew

Every visit

  • Roof and electrical in one visit, no second trip
  • 48-hour turnaround from survey to deliverable
  • Photo documentation throughout
  • Permit sets available, stamped, 6 days from survey

Virginia solar survey FAQ

Which NEC edition applies to solar in Virginia?

The 2020 NEC, adopted statewide through the 2021 Uniform Statewide Building Code. It has been mandatory for all permits since January 18, 2025; the 2024 USBC is not expected to take effect before about October 2027.1,3

Can a Virginia locality change the building code for solar?

Not the technical code: localities enforce the USBC as written by the state. They still control zoning height and setback limits and historic district review for rooftop solar.1,7

What did the SCC decide about Dominion net metering in 2026?

In its April 30, 2026 final order, the SCC approved a NEM 2.0 tariff for new customers that keeps annual kWh netting, adds a $1.00 monthly administrative charge and credits year-end excess at $0.05829 per kWh. Customers who interconnected earlier can stay on the existing tariff.12

Is automated solar permitting coming to Virginia?

Yes. A 2026 law has Virginia Energy set up a Smart Solar Permitting Platform, and by July 1, 2028 each locality must accept residential solar applications through it or an equivalent platform.9

Can a Virginia HOA ban solar panels?

Only if the recorded declaration already prohibits them. Otherwise the association can set reasonable rules, but not ones that raise cost 5% or cut production 10%, and it can still restrict panels on common areas.8

Services and further reading

Metro pages for Virginia: Richmond.

From Field Notes

Sources

Every local fact on this page links to where it came from. Codes, programs and tariffs change: confirm the current requirement with the AHJ and the utility before you design.

  1. https://www.dhcd.virginia.gov/codes
  2. http://www.rva.gov/sites/default/files/2024-05/Electrical-Handout.pdf
  3. https://hbav.com/news/update-2024-virginia-building-code-development-cycle
  4. https://henrico.gov/assets/Solar-Panel-Pathway-Memo-and-Diagram-rev101822-1.pdf
  5. https://henrico.gov/bldg/design-criteria/
  6. https://www.nnva.gov/446/Design-Criteria
  7. https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title15.2/chapter22/section15.2-2288.7/
  8. https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title55.1/chapter18/section55.1-1820.1/
  9. https://lis.blob.core.windows.net/files/1221639.PDF
  10. https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20261/HB590/text/CHAP0633
  11. https://www.dominionenergy.com/virginia/renewable-energy-programs/net-metering
  12. https://www.scc.virginia.gov/docketsearch/DOCS/8bxb01!.PDF
  13. https://www.appalachianpower.com/business/builders/generating-equipment
  14. https://www.selc.org/press-release/commission-approves-appalachian-power-company-proposal-reducing-compensation-to-rooftop-solar-customers-for-net-exports-while-retaining-essential-elements-of-net-metering/
  15. https://reisingergooch.com/scc-approves-revised-rates-for-appalachian-power-company-net-metering-program/

Researched September 30, 2026.

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