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Home  /  Solar site surveys  /  North Carolina

Solar site surveys · North Carolina

Solar site surveys in North Carolina

A technician on the roof, in the attic and at the service panel, with the survey read against the code editions, AHJs and utilities that apply in North Carolina.

NEC 2017Electrical code in effect
3Utilities covered here
48 hrsSurvey to deliverable
Nationwide500+ technicians
Short answer

North Carolina writes one State Building Code for the whole state, so residential solar is still checked against the 2018 NC Residential and Fire Codes and, for homes, the 2017 NC Electrical Code while the adopted 2024 codes sit on a legislative delay. Permits come from county or city inspection departments, and many homes interconnect with Duke Energy Carolinas or Duke Energy Progress, whose net metering bridge rate closes to new applicants on January 1, 2027. Coastal counties carry design wind speeds of 130 to 150 mph.

What changes in North Carolina

The capture spec is the same everywhere. What the engineer and the plan reviewer read it against is not.

NC · METROSCharlotteRaleigh
Code stack
2017NEC 2017National Electrical Code · effective Jun 12, 2018. For one- and two-family homes and their PV equipment, North Carolina still enforces the 2017 NC Electrical Code (the 2017 NEC with state amendments). The 2020 edition applies to other buildings, and the adopted 2023 NC Electrical Code is on indefinite delay as of September 2026.1,2,3
2018NC Residential 2018The 2018 NC Residential Code, built on the 2015 IRC with state amendments, took effect January 1, 2019 and remains in force. Its 2024 replacement was adopted but will not take effect until at least a year after the state certifies its new Residential Code Council; one state board put the earliest possible date at May 1, 2027.4,5,6,7
2018NC Fire 2018The 2018 NC Fire Code, adapted from the 2015 IFC, is the fire code in force statewide; rooftop PV falls under its Section 605.11. The 2024 NC Fire Code, based on the 2021 IFC with PV rules in Section 1205, is held up by the same delay.4,8,9,7
Rooftop fire access. Under the 2018 NC Fire Code, the Group R-3 roof pathway rules in 605.11.1.2 do not apply to homes built under the residential code, and the 2018 NC Residential Code's R324 has no rooftop access section, so detached homes generally have no statewide PV pathway mandate today. The pending 2024 NC Residential Code adds R324.6, with two 36-inch eave-to-ridge pathways, so confirm which code your permit falls under.8,5,10

Climate and site factors

Hurricane wind

The NC Residential Code assigns ultimate design wind speeds by county, rising from 115 mph for most inland counties to 130 to 150 mph along the coast, with Carteret County at 150 mph and parts of New Hanover and Brunswick east of Hwy. 17 at 150 mph. Racking attachments and roof zones have to be checked against the local value.5

Mountain wind

Several western counties, including Buncombe, Watauga and Haywood, are listed as special mountain wind regions instead of carrying a single design speed, so the site's wind value should be confirmed with the local building official.5

Code transition

The 2024 NC codes are adopted but delayed, so a project permitted today follows the 2018 codes and 2017 electrical code, while one permitted after the change will face new rules such as residential roof pathways. Survey records should note roof layout well enough to work under either set.6,2,10

HOAs

Associations cannot ban rooftop solar outright, but they can control placement and screening and may bar panels visible from public or common areas on street-facing roof slopes, so the survey should record roof orientation relative to the street.11

Permitting in North Carolina

Who reviews the plan set, and what the state layers on top.

Utilities and interconnection

Beyond the three investor-owned utilities, 32 electric cooperatives serve about 2.8 million customers and roughly 76 municipal and university systems serve about 599,000. The NCUC has only limited jurisdiction over them, they are not required to offer net metering, and each sets its own solar terms.18,19

Duke Energy Carolinas

Serves about 2.3 million North Carolina customers in the Piedmont and west, including Charlotte. Residential systems must follow the NCUC-approved NC Interconnection Procedures, with an accepted Request to Interconnect, an application fee, insurance and an interconnection agreement, and are capped at 20 kW AC under its net metering riders.18,20,21,22

Interconnection page ↗

Duke Energy Progress

Serves about 1.6 million North Carolina customers in the east and parts of the west, including Raleigh. It uses the same state interconnection procedures and offers its own versions of the Residential Solar Choice and Net Metering Bridge riders; Duke has asked regulators to merge it with Duke Energy Carolinas, targeting January 1, 2027.18,19,23,22

Interconnection page ↗

Dominion Energy North Carolina Dominion Energy NC

Serves roughly 129,000 customers in northeastern North Carolina. Net metering is open to residential systems up to 20 kW AC sized to no more than annual use, with a $200 application fee for systems under 20 kW and authorization required before energizing.18,24

Interconnection page ↗
Export compensation. As of September 2026, new Duke residential solar customers go on Residential Solar Choice: a time-of-use rate with critical peak pricing, netting within each TOU period each month, excess credited at a set rate (4.53 cents/kWh at Duke Energy Carolinas), a $22 minimum bill and a per-kW non-bypassable charge. The Net Metering Bridge, which keeps monthly netting without the TOU requirement, takes applications first-come until annual capacity runs out and closes January 1, 2027; approved customers keep it up to 15 years.20,21,19

What we capture on every North Carolina survey

One standard, one visit, the same record in North Carolina as everywhere else. What it gets checked against is the code stack above.

Roof and structure

  • Measured roof planes: pitch, azimuth, dimensions
  • Every penetration and obstruction, located
  • Rafter or truss size, spacing and span
  • Decking type and condition
  • Layer count at a cut edge
  • Setbacks and fire pathway constraints
  • Horizon shading capture per array area

Electrical and interconnection

  • Main breaker and bus bar rating, photographed separately
  • Meter location and configuration
  • Slot count: used, open, tandem, double-tapped
  • Available interconnection points
  • Existing loads and sub-panels
  • Conduit route, measured along the actual path
  • Grounding electrode and bonding path

Commercial buildings

  • Membrane type, age and condition, with drainage pattern
  • Bar joist depth, spacing and span
  • Deck type and gauge
  • Switchgear and available bus capacity
  • Access and lift constraints for the install crew

Every visit

  • Roof and electrical in one visit, no second trip
  • 48-hour turnaround from survey to deliverable
  • Photo documentation throughout
  • Permit sets available, stamped, 6 days from survey

North Carolina solar survey FAQ

Which electrical code applies to residential solar in North Carolina?

As of September 2026, one- and two-family homes and their PV equipment follow the 2017 NC Electrical Code, based on the 2017 NEC. The 2023 NC Electrical Code was adopted but is on indefinite delay, so confirm the edition with the local inspector.1,2

Are the 2024 North Carolina building codes in effect?

Not yet. The legislature tied their start to 12 months after the State Fire Marshal certifies publication and a fully constituted Residential Code Council, and a state licensing board said in June 2026 that May 1, 2027 is the earliest possible date. The 2018 codes remain in force.6,7,4

Do North Carolina homes need fire access pathways around rooftop solar?

Under the 2018 codes in force, the fire code's R-3 pathway rules exempt homes built under the residential code, and the residential code has no pathway section. The pending 2024 residential code adds 36-inch pathways, so check which code governs your permit.8,5,10

Can an HOA stop solar panels in North Carolina?

Generally not. G.S. 22B-20 voids covenants that prohibit residential solar collectors, but associations can still regulate placement and screening and can bar collectors visible from public or common areas on street-facing facades or roof slopes.11

Is Duke's net metering bridge rate still available?

As of September 2026, yes, for applications submitted before January 1, 2027 while that year's capacity lasts (38,700 kW AC for Duke Energy Carolinas in 2026). After that, new customers go on Residential Solar Choice with time-of-use pricing.21,19

Services and further reading

Metro pages for North Carolina: Charlotte, Raleigh.

From Field Notes

Sources

Every local fact on this page links to where it came from. Codes, programs and tariffs change: confirm the current requirement with the AHJ and the utility before you design.

  1. https://www.ncbeec.org/2020-nec-status-update/
  2. https://www.ncosfm.gov/codes/state-electrical-division/state-electrical-code-and-interpretations
  3. https://www.durhamnc.gov/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=3764
  4. https://www.ncosfm.gov/codes/codes-current-and-past
  5. https://up.codes/viewer/north_carolina/irc-2015/chapter/3/building-planning
  6. https://nclicensing.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2026-06-01-Code-Update.pdf
  7. https://www.ncosfm.gov/news/press-releases/2025/04/07/north-carolina-delays-implementation-2024-state-building-code
  8. https://up.codes/viewer/north_carolina/ifc-2015/chapter/6/building-services-and-systems
  9. https://up.codes/viewer/north_carolina/ifc-2021/chapter/12/energy-systems
  10. https://up.codes/viewer/north_carolina/irc-2021/chapter/3/building-planning
  11. https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_22B/GS_22B-20.html
  12. https://www.ncleg.net/enactedlegislation/statutes/html/bysection/chapter_143/gs_143-138.html
  13. https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_160D/GS_160D-914.html
  14. https://code.mecknc.gov/
  15. https://code.mecknc.gov/node/1046
  16. https://www.wake.gov/departments-government/permits-and-inspections
  17. https://raleighnc.gov/permits/services/residential-solar-photovoltaic-pv-system
  18. https://www.ncuc.gov/documents/overview.pdf
  19. https://publicstaff.nc.gov/public-staff-divisions/energy-division/electric-section/net-metering
  20. https://www.duke-energy.com/-/media/pdfs/for-your-home/rates/electric-nc/ncriderrsc.pdf
  21. https://www.duke-energy.com/-/media/pdfs/for-your-home/rates/electric-nc/ncridernmb.pdf
  22. https://www.duke-energy.com/Home/Products/Renewable-Energy/Generate-Your-Own
  23. https://abc11.com/post/duke-energy-seeks-merge-carolina-utilities-projecting-more-1b-customer-savings/17560272/
  24. https://www.dominionenergy.com/north-carolina/save-energy/net-metering

Researched September 29, 2026.

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