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Home  /  Solar site surveys  /  Massachusetts

Solar site surveys · Massachusetts

Solar site surveys in Massachusetts

A technician on the roof, in the attic and at the service panel, with the survey read against the code editions, AHJs and utilities that apply in Massachusetts.

NEC 2026Electrical code in effect
2Utilities covered here
48 hrsSurvey to deliverable
Nationwide500+ technicians
Short answer

Massachusetts sets its codes statewide: the 10th edition of 780 CMR (based on the 2021 I-Codes), the Massachusetts Electrical Code, which moved to the 2026 NEC on April 24, 2026, and a fire code based on NFPA 1 that sets rooftop PV pathways. Every city and town has its own building commissioner, and 60 municipalities, including Boston, use the Specialized energy code. Most homes net meter at close to retail value, with SMART 3.0 incentives on top; surveys should plan for 40 psf-class snow loads around Boston.

What changes in Massachusetts

The capture spec is the same everywhere. What the engineer and the plan reviewer read it against is not.

MA · METROSBoston
Code stack
2026NEC 2026National Electrical Code · effective Apr 24, 2026. The Massachusetts Electrical Code (527 CMR 12.00) now adopts the 2026 NEC with state amendments, effective April 24, 2026; the prior edition was based on the 2023 NEC. The applicable edition is tied to the date of the electrical permit application.1,2,3
2021IRC 2021The 10th edition of the State Building Code (780 CMR), including the Massachusetts Residential Code, is built on the 2021 ICC codes and took effect October 11, 2024. The optional overlap with the 9th edition ended June 30, 2025.4,5,6
NFPA 1-2021Fire code NFPA 1-2021The Massachusetts Comprehensive Fire Safety Code (527 CMR 1.00) is NFPA 1, 2021 edition, with state amendments, in effect since December 9, 2022. Its Chapter 11 covers rooftop PV access.7,8
LOCALEnergy codeEach city or town uses the base energy code, the Stretch Code or the Specialized opt-in code (225 CMR 22 and 23). As of June 4, 2026, 60 municipalities had adopted the Specialized code, which carries solar-ready and on-site solar provisions for new construction.9,10
Rooftop fire access. For one- and two-family homes and townhouses, 527 CMR 1.00 section 11.12.3.2 requires at least two 36-inch access pathways from gutter to ridge on separate roof planes, one of them on the street or driveway side, plus a 36-inch pathway serving each roof plane with panels. The ridge setback is 18 inches on each side when the array covers 33% or less of the plan-view roof area and 36 inches when it covers more.8,7

Climate and site factors

Snow

The Massachusetts Residential Code lists design values town by town. Boston's ground snow load is 40 psf with a 30 psf minimum flat-roof snow load, and inland and higher towns can be higher.6

Wind

The same residential table gives Boston a 120 mph ultimate design wind speed. Coastal towns may also fall in wind-borne debris regions, so take the value for the specific town.6

Fire pathways

The NFPA 1-based fire code requires gutter-to-ridge pathways and ridge setbacks on one- and two-family homes, which often rules out full coverage of small or cut-up roof planes.8

HOAs and zoning

Covenants that forbid or unreasonably restrict solar are void, and zoning cannot unreasonably regulate it. Still, record any condo-association or historic-district condition that affects which planes can be used.11,12

Permitting in Massachusetts

Who reviews the plan set, and what the state layers on top.

Utilities and interconnection

Net metering under DPU rules applies to customers of the three regulated utilities (Eversource, National Grid and Unitil). Forty-one municipal light plants serve all or part of 50 communities and set their own rates, so check the address.15,16

Eversource

Delivers electricity in Boston. Listed inverter-based systems of 25 kW AC or less can use the Simplified process in PowerClerk, with no application fee on radial circuits; area-network locations have tighter size limits and a fee.17,18

Interconnection page ↗

National Grid (Massachusetts Electric) National Grid

Under its interconnection tariff (M.D.P.U. No. 1579, effective April 15, 2025), the Simplified process covers listed single-phase inverter systems of 15 kW or less and three-phase systems of 25 kW or less on radial circuits. Network locations are limited to 1/15 of the customer's minimum load.19

Interconnection page ↗
Export compensation. Solar of 60 kW or less is a Class I net metering facility, and systems of 25 kW or less are exempt from the utility net metering caps. Monthly excess generation becomes a dollar bill credit that rolls over without expiring. DPU's example for an Eversource East residential customer in August 2024 was about 27.6 cents/kWh, covering supply, distribution, transmission and transition. SMART 3.0 pays a separate production incentive: $0.03/kWh in 2026 for systems of 25 kW AC or less.15,14

What we capture on every Massachusetts survey

One standard, one visit, the same record in Massachusetts as everywhere else. What it gets checked against is the code stack above.

Roof and structure

  • Measured roof planes: pitch, azimuth, dimensions
  • Every penetration and obstruction, located
  • Rafter or truss size, spacing and span
  • Decking type and condition
  • Layer count at a cut edge
  • Setbacks and fire pathway constraints
  • Horizon shading capture per array area

Electrical and interconnection

  • Main breaker and bus bar rating, photographed separately
  • Meter location and configuration
  • Slot count: used, open, tandem, double-tapped
  • Available interconnection points
  • Existing loads and sub-panels
  • Conduit route, measured along the actual path
  • Grounding electrode and bonding path

Commercial buildings

  • Membrane type, age and condition, with drainage pattern
  • Bar joist depth, spacing and span
  • Deck type and gauge
  • Switchgear and available bus capacity
  • Access and lift constraints for the install crew

Every visit

  • Roof and electrical in one visit, no second trip
  • 48-hour turnaround from survey to deliverable
  • Photo documentation throughout
  • Permit sets available, stamped, 6 days from survey

Massachusetts solar survey FAQ

Which NEC edition applies to solar in Massachusetts?

The 2026 NEC, as amended by 527 CMR 12.00, for electrical permits applied for on or after April 24, 2026. Before that date, Massachusetts used an edition based on the 2023 NEC.1,3

What fire code setbacks apply to rooftop solar on a Massachusetts home?

Under 527 CMR 1.00 (NFPA 1, 2021), homes need two 36-inch gutter-to-ridge pathways on separate roof planes, one on the street or driveway side. The ridge setback is 18 inches, or 36 inches when panels cover more than 33% of the plan-view roof area.8

Is residential solar subject to the Massachusetts net metering cap?

Usually not. Renewable Class I facilities of 25 kW or less are cap exempt, so most home systems can net meter even when a utility's cap is full.15

What does SMART 3.0 pay a home solar system?

For Program Year 2026, systems of 25 kW AC or less get a flat $0.03 per kWh generated, or $0.06 for low-income customers. This is on top of net metering credits.14

Can a Massachusetts HOA or deed restriction ban solar panels?

No. State law voids provisions in property instruments that forbid or unreasonably restrict solar energy systems, and zoning cannot unreasonably regulate them either.11,12

Services and further reading

Metro pages for Massachusetts: Boston.

From Field Notes

Sources

Every local fact on this page links to where it came from. Codes, programs and tariffs change: confirm the current requirement with the AHJ and the utility before you design.

  1. https://www.mass.gov/regulations/527-CMR-1200-massachusetts-electrical-code-amendments
  2. https://www.icc-nta.org/code-update/new-massachusetts-electrical-code-in-effect/
  3. https://coderedconsultants.com/insights/2026-ma-electrical-code-update-nfpa-70/
  4. https://www.cambridgema.gov/news/detail?path=%2Fsitecore%2Fcontent%2Fhome%2Finspection%2Fnews%2F2024%2F10%2Fmastatebuildingcode10theditionbecameeffectiveon101124
  5. https://www.danversma.gov/m/newsflash/Home/Detail/338?arc=838
  6. https://up.codes/viewer/massachusetts/irc-2021/chapter/3/building-planning
  7. https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-fire-code
  8. https://www.beverlyma.gov/1237/Solar-Panels-and-PV
  9. https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-building-energy-code-adoption-by-municipality
  10. https://www.mass.gov/info-details/stretch-energy-code-development-2022
  11. https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartII/TitleI/Chapter184/Section23C
  12. https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleVII/Chapter40A/Section3
  13. https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXX/Chapter143/Section3
  14. https://www.mass.gov/info-details/smart-30-program-details
  15. https://www.mass.gov/info-details/net-metering-guide
  16. https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-municipally-owned-electric-companies
  17. https://www.eversource.com/residential/about/doing-business-with-us/interconnections/massachusetts/massachusetts-application-to-interconnect
  18. https://www.boston.gov/departments/environment/community-choice-electricity
  19. https://www.nationalgridus.com/media/pdfs/billing-payments/tariffs/mae/2025/mdpu_1579_dg_interconnection_tariff.pdf

Researched September 29, 2026.

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